Word: greatly
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Great Schism between these two branches of Christianity is traditionally dated from mutual excommunications hurled in 1054 by Rome and Constantinople (as Istanbul was called until 1930). In 1204 Crusaders sacked Constantinople and temporarily installed a Latin-rite Patriarch. Today there are still differences about such matters as divorce (the Orthodox permit it on grounds of adultery and allow no more than three marriages in a lifetime), and especially the Nicene Creed. The Orthodox insist on the original wording of the creed, in which the Holy Spirit "proceeds from the Father." Catholicism adds that the Spirit proceeds from "the Father...
...Florence, Rome, Naples and Bologna. Vasari had an inflated opinion of his talent as a painter, so it is something of an irony that he is remembered chiefly for his Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects, an informal, even gossipy collection of biographical studies of the great and near great of Italian art. This boxed three-volume re-edition, translated by Gaston Du C. de Vere (Abrams; 2323 pages; $225), is of high quality on the inside with gemlike tip-ins, though a touch tacky on the outside with spines of imitation leather. Real cloth would have...
From their printing shop in Lower Manhattan, Nathaniel Currier and James Merritt Ives taught 19th century America to see itself. Their lithographs re-created urban and rural growth, disasters, the opening of the West and a vast anthology of occupations and pastimes. The Great Book of Currier & Ives' America by Walton Rawls (Abbeville Press; 488 pages; $85) is ponderous to heft but impossible to put down. Author Rawls' text is a lively history of these remarkable illustrators, their entrepreneurial triumphs and their battles with an alarming new enemy, the photograph. Better still are the more than 400 illustrations...
Written by the British art critic and historian Ian Dunlop, Degas (Harper & Row; 240 pages; $37.50) is by far the best introduction to the life and work of the painter of boulevards and ballet dancers now in print. A student of Ingres's and the great contemporary of Manet, Flaubert Sand the Goncourt brothers, Degas was one of those ocular witnesses without whom the cultural life of France in the 19th century cannot be understood; and no writer has done a better job of placing this tetchy, formidable genius, with his astonishing powers of observation iand his bitter tongue...
...naked at Agincourt, defeated German troops stumbling drunkenly from the First Marne-are as telling as his descriptions of the pettifoggery, vanity and incompetence of commanders and politicians. Together with an introductory section recapitulating ancient wars and a final chapter previewing the next (and last), Humble incisively analyzes 18 great victories from the day of the longbow to the era of the missile. The book is superbly illustrated, with excellent battlefield maps...