Word: gropius
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Acknowledged shrine of modern architecture was the famed Bauhaus school in Dessau, Germany, and Architect Walter Gropius was its high priest. The boxy building with flat roofs and ribbon-glass windows that Gropius built there in 1926 laid down the line architecture was to follow for the next three decades. An exile from Hitler's Germany, Gropius introduced his methods as chairman of Harvard's department of architecture, revolutionized architecture in the U.S., became so firmly planted in architectural history that people were sometimes amazed to find him still a part of the present...
...show selects five as master form givers-the late Frank Lloyd Wright, Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Alvar Aalto. Of the second generation, eight are singled out as leaders: Architects Marcel Breuer, Wallace K. Harrison, Philip C. Johnson, Richard J. Neutra, Eero Saarinen, Edward D. Stone, Engineer R. Buckminster Fuller, and the firm of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Reviewing the past, assessing the present, and eying the future, the show leads to two major conclusions: 1) modern architecture has now clearly swept its early Beaux Arts enemies from the battlefield; 2) its architects, secure in their conquest...
Tombstones & Coffins. Wright vociferously maintained his claim to originating modern architecture. But when it came back to him from Europe in the forceful form of works by Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, he belabored these men as "glassic architects" and worse. He dramatically ranged himself against the sweeping tide of .the International Style. Manhattan's United Nations Secretariat was a "tombstone," Lever House "a waste of space," the Seagram Building "a whisky bottle on a card table." The steel-cage frame was "19th century carpenter architecture already suffering from arthritis of the joints." Boxy modern...
...Design," said Gropius, "must be an innate and organic part of the student. He must blend experience into himself instead of copying. Yes, the great masters should be analyzed--to discover how they found their means of expression out of the conditions of their times. But those means can not be imitated in our conditions and times...
...architecture it comes down to Gropius's statement that a designer "expresses his ideas of form with the technique and material at his command." Therefore in studio design courses, the core of the GSD curriculum, "Emphasis on such visual considerations as composition and proportion is shared by equal attention to the mechanical and structural considerations that influence design...