Word: grow
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...takes Atala about six weeks to grow a new body part. The key to his success and speed, he says, is his reliance on a patient's own cells whenever possible. "We take a small piece of tissue from the diseased organ, grow up a bunch of normal cells, manipulate them and put them right back into the same patient," he says. "Because we are not using cells from other people, we avoid all issues with rejection." For the patient, that also means a shorter and more comfortable recovery, and a better chance of having the regenerated organ "take...
Creating a working organ hinges on keeping those first few cells alive, which has proven to be the biggest challenge for Atala's team. Each cell - whether from the bladder, skin, cartilage, or heart - prefers a different environment to grow, made up of unique cocktails of growth factors, enzymes, proteins and other nutrients. Once the incubated cells have multiplied to a sufficient number, Atala puts them through a series of rigorous tests to ensure that they look, act and function just like their normally grown siblings in the body...
Earlier this year, Atala's group became the first to make another valuable discovery: that amniotic fluid contains stem cells. These have proven critical in helping his team to regenerate tissues from the more ornery cells of the pancreas, liver and nerves, which don't grow as well in a lab dish. Amniotic-fluid stem cells aren't as versatile as embryonic stem cells, which can turn into every tissue type in the body, but they can still develop into an impressive number of much-needed cell types, and Atala has already used them to grow up muscle, bone...
...Most Indians agree that if their country is to continue to grow, closing the massive gap between rich and poor is imperative. The calculation is not just political - the nuclear agreement stalled because the left-wing parties that support the government do not want to deal with the U.S. - but brutally practical, too. Singh has said India's greatest threat is that its low-level insurgencies will turn more deadly. India will be a true success when those in the quiet columns of dignified marchers know that its prosperity extends to them...
...topics unite more disciplines than energy policy, and few are as critically important. Finding and managing sustainable and green energy sources is one of humanity’s most crucial challenges, and one that will only grow more immense with time...