Word: growingly
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Enders tried again. Drs. Alice Woodruff and Ernest Goodpasture of Vanderbilt University had recently given virology (and vaccination) a big boost with the discovery that some viruses grow well in incubating eggs. Enders put fluid from a measles patient into eggs, but had no luck. Searching for a better medium, he turned his attention to embryonic tissue culture, sensing that growing viruses in live cells-the technique that Harrison pioneered-held unrealized possibilities...
...work was bedeviled by bacteria contaminating the cultures, making them useless before a slow-starting virus multiplied. Virologists began adding antibiotics to their cultures to keep out bacteria; Enders hit upon a particularly successful combination of penicillin and streptomycin. Yet even in uncontaminated cultures, Enders failed to isolate and grow the obstreperous measles virus...
Culture in Human Embryo. Then came a lucky break. The lab happened to have some poliovirus tucked away. This had hitherto refused to grow except in brain cells, which are unsafe as a culture for a human vaccine because nerve-cell proteins can kill the vaccinated person. Enders suggested growing it in cultures of muscle and skin from human embryos recovered in therapeutic abortions. It worked. Watching the cell-damage effect, the Harvard researchers could see that the virus was multiplying. The virus could still cause paralytic polio. But when serum from a recent polio patient was mixed with...
German Measles (rubella). Work goes on in several labs, including Enders', to get this unclassified virus to grow in tissue cultures. Since the illness in children is so mild, the raw virus could probably be used to infect girls before puberty; the danger is that if they escape childhood infection, exposure during the first three months of pregnancy may cause crippling or fatal damage to the fetus...
Short Fall, High Bounce. Many other companies also boosted dividends. Jersey Standard added a nickel, fattening the pocketbooks of its 665,000 owners by $11 million. Boeing, Brunswick and U.S. Gypsum also announced raises. In all, dividend payments by U.S. corporations are expected to grow from an annual rate of $14.3 billion in the third quarter to more than $15 billion in the fourth...