Word: guadarramas
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Sloe-eyed, soft-spoken Generalissimo Francisco Franco of the White Armies, realizing the difficulty of moving on Madrid through the Guadarrama Mountains of the North, transferred his headquarters within easier distance of the main line from Toledo to Madrid. Government troops, disorganized and poorly led, made brave counter-attacks that got nowhere, abandoned well-constructed trenches for villages impossible to hold, were shot down in their tracks while retreating, and occasionally deserted in groups...
...Premier last week not Spain's moderate No. 1 Socialist Leader Indalecio Prieto (TIME, Sept. 7), but the extreme radical No. 2 Socialist Leader Francisco Largo Caballero who has spent most of his time in recent weeks dressed in blue overalls fighting with the Red militia amid the Guadarrama Mountains in efforts to keep the Whites from capturing Madrid. New Premier Largo Caballero announced weeks ago that the Madrid Government, if victorious, would proclaim in Spain "the dictatorship of the proletariat" and essentially a Spanish Soviet regime...
...North Spain the stalemate of rebel and loyalist forces battling in the Guadarrama Mountains continued. Barcelona remained quiet, but loyalist officers were busy organizing an expeditionary force of 14,700 men, with ships and planes to attempt to recapture the Balearic Islands from the rebels, bomb Palma, Majorca to bits...
Vital spot in the civil war remained the snow-capped Guadarrama Mountains that guard Madrid on the north. There armies of 15,000 Loyalists under General Carlos Bernal and 20,000 Fascists under able General Emilio Mola sparred cautiously for the battle that may end the war. Surprise of the week was verification of the astounding story that when Spain's devious José Maria Gil Robles, Catholic reactionary, was Minister of War ten months ago, he and Fascist Generals Franco and Mola prepared for the present civil war by digging secret gun emplacements all along the Guadarrama ridge...
...week's end Fascist Mola was forced to withdraw many of his troops from the Guadarrama front to tackle a dangerous situation in his rear. San Sebastian and Bilbao were still in Loyalist hands. With hostilities ceasing in the Barcelona region, Loyalists might be able to launch an attack at his rear. Out of the ground to defend these Basque cities for the Loyalists poured the Communist miners of Oviedo, hurling homemade bombs of dynamite, slashing with knives. General Mola's attack was beaten...