Word: guardsmen
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Federalizing of the Arkansas National Guard and the Star Air National Guard placed 9,900 guardsmen under Army control and took them from state control...
...that moment, one day last week, the governor of Arkansas had good reason to be suffering from, as he put it, a "sore stomach." Arkansas National Guardsmen were deployed around his salmon-pink executive mansion, warding off all. Other militiamen surrounded Little Rock's Central High School, ready to defend it to the death against Negro children trying to attend classes. And even as Governor Faubus defied his doctor's orders, the shock waves of his defiance of the U.S. Government crashed through the South, the nation and the world...
...Anemic Case. From then on the controversy swirled off into a storm of legal maneuvers, press conferences and telegrams (the National Guardsmen got so bored doing nothing that they finally turned to threatening Northern newsmen with arrest for "inciting to violence," i.e., reporting the story). Orval Faubus fired off a wild-eyed message to the President of the U.S.: he thought his telephone lines were being tapped: he was sure that Federal authorities were plotting to arrest him; the situation in Little Rock "grows more explosive by the hour." To ward off all invaders, Orval Faubus de ployed his militia...
...would be open to the U.S. to withdraw recognition from the Arkansas guard as a part of the federal military establishment, implying a cutoff of the $5,500,000 annual federal subsidy and a recall of federal-issue uniforms, arms and equipment. The U.S. could also summon the Arkansas guardsmen into federal service either to be dispersed or to safeguard the rights of Negro pupils to attend Little Rock Central High School. It is even open to the U.S. to send in detachments of federal troops...
Anywhere along this long legal line Faubus could withdraw, by calling off the state guardsmen and letting integration proceed. In this event President Eisenhower, like Madison, would not be likely to instigate reprisals against the governor. But the U.S. is nonetheless determined to move through the courts, slowly, deliberately, sensibly, to win the battle and safeguard the Constitution. This was the determination, in the spirit of Marshall and Madison, that underlay the cold message sent to Orval Faubus last week by President Eisenhower...