Word: guardsmen
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...classes opened last week in the two cities that are the primary targets in this year's battle over busing. There were surprisingly few violent incidents, in part because of the massive show of strength by law authorities in both cities, which included standby contingents of National Guardsmen. Even so, this year's efforts to desegregate schools in Boston, Louisville and at least 18 other cities promise to be a searing experience for both blacks and whites, chiefly because of a growing national concern about school desegregation and its much-hated stepchild, forced busing. As the ideal of integration moved...
Next morning, under the watchful eyes of 2,500 police and National Guardsmen, the 470 school buses began rolling long before dawn, each carrying an armed guard. In obedience to Gordon's order, however, there were only occasional white demonstrators along the routes or at the schools. Indeed, by week's end, a boycott of the schools by whites had become largely ineffective; on Friday, 77.3% of the merged city-county district's enrollment of 120,000 students (20% black) attended schools, up from 50% a week earlier...
Fearing further violence, Kentucky Governor Julian Carroll at 4 a.m. ordered 800 armed National Guardsmen into the Louisville area. Later on Saturday morning police in Louisville arrested 75 sign-carrying people (including the Grand Dragon of Kentucky's Ku Klux Klan) who were assembling in the downtown area despite a ban ordered by Mayor Sloane on parades and demonstrations. Soon after ward, several truckloads of armed Guardsmen were moved into the business district. Declared the National Guard commander: "They will be used when and where needed until order is restored...
Show of Force. City, state and federal officials plan to counter the threat of violence with a massive show of force, including 1,000 city police, 350 state troopers, 250 state park police and 600 National Guardsmen. Assistant U.S. Attorney General Stanley Pottinger moved his office to Boston last week, bringing with him 100 federal marshals...
...even as many as two students from walking together on campus. Del Corso and Canterbury said it was the responsibility of troop unit leaders to decide whether guns should be loaded; the unit commanders testified that they had only followed orders from above. The most common defense of the Guardsmen was that students were rushing them just before they retaliated with gunfire. "I felt my life was in danger," claimed former Sgt. Lawrence Shafer. Yet Guardsman James W. Ferriss testified: "I saw no necessity to shoot...