Word: guerrillas
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Tanzania's President Julius Nyerere, most influential of the front-line Presidents, challenged this view, insisting that black majority rule must come immediately. Mozambique's President Samora Machel, host to the largest band (5,000 to 8,000) of Rhodesian guerrillas, said he would continue to support "armed struggle by the gallant freedom fighters of Zimbabwe [the black African name for Rhodesia] until the day independence is achieved." Ian Smith was grousing that Kissinger's package deal included an end to guerrilla warfare and international sanctions. To make matters worse, after a week-long conference in Mozambique...
...government's methods of repression, however, seem to be infecting the government itself. Security forces-often operating independently of central control-have not limited themselves to guerrilla fighting but frequently have seized, mistreated, and even killed mere suspects. In the six months of military rule, at least 850 civilians, including five priests, have died violently, and 300 have disappeared. Perhaps three-quarters of the civilian deaths have been caused by government forces. The government argues that guerrilla fighting is "a dirty war," but many Argentines believe that security agents are out of control. Examples...
...Pastor John Delbert Erb and his family opened their apartment door to late-night knocks to find a squad of men with submachine guns confronting them. The intruders tied and blindfolded the Erbs, ransacked their apartment, and then abducted their daughter, Patricia Ann, 19. Although the raiders spray-painted guerrilla slogans on the apartment walls, the Erbs suspected that they were police. A neighbor who came out to see what was happening was ordered away with the explanation that "there is an operation under way." Patricia Ann Erb, who had been barely on the fringe of ERP activities three years...
...Argentines are wondering about the extent to which Videla may have authorized the violence. The general, shy and courteous in presidential appearances, enjoyed a reputation for honesty and moderation before becoming army chief, but he may simply be unable to control the multiple layers of agents working on the guerrilla campaign...
Mugabe is the only one of the contenders who has actually spent time with guerrillas in the field and, reportedly, has even taken part in cross-border raids. But Mugabe is not necessarily the dominant figure in the guerrilla movement. Guerrilla military operations are apparently planned and executed by a largely anonymous 18-member high command that sticks close to the base camps in Mozambique...