Word: guinea
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...situation and possibly have an influence on the germs under study. Pasteur and successors longed for germ-free ''living test tubes." Last week Professor James Arthur Reyniers of the University of Notre Dame announced that at last he has raised Pasteur's desire-germ-free guinea pigs...
Although all living creatures harbor germs, they generally acquire the germs after birth. Unborn animals strongly resist the invasion of germs. Therefore Professor Reyniers starts by putting a pregnant guinea pig into a germ-free operating chamber and by Caesarean section taking out her young. Those young he instantaneously puts into a sterile, airtight, air-conditioned cage. They nurse from a glass "mother," drinking sterile synthetic guinea pig milk of Dr. Reyniers' composition. The water and the solid food which they get later is also sterilized before being put into their cage. Portholes let Dr. Reyniers watch the guinea...
Germ-free guinea pigs, Dr. Reyniers noticed, ''are more active and develop heartier appetites than their contaminated brothers and sisters." Whether the tuberculosis, scarlet fever and other diseases which they are going to be infected with differ from such diseases in normally raised guinea pigs now is something for bacteriologists to investigate...
Before freezing the guinea pig last week, Dr. Wiliard injected sodium citrate into its veins to prevent its blood from clotting after the heart ceased beating. Next he put the creature, a soft, brown handful, into an asphyxiating chamber which he pumped full of ether and oxygen. When the guinea pig was unconscious Dr. Willard replaced the etheroxygen with carbon dioxide, and with that atmosphere slowly cooled the guinea pig until it was ice-hard. In that dead state the hard, brown handful remained several hours...
...revive the guinea pig, Dr. Wiliard gradually warmed it until its body temperature was normal (105° F). An injection of adrenaline and ephedrine started the creature's heart pumping, a transfusion of fresh guinea pig blood gave it vigor until it could regenerate its own blood...