Word: guinea
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...authority on tooth decay) and his work on nutrition and pneumonia. In The Lancet last week, Sir Edward discussed "The State and Medical Research," told of the "first recorded experiment in medical science by a king himself," an experiment remarkably similar in technique to work done by scientists on guinea pigs today. Said Sir Edward: "Frederick the Second. Emperor of the Romans, King of Sicily and Jerusalem, known as Stupor Mundi, the Wonder of the World, A. D. 1192-1250. Of him it is recorded that he took two knights and gave them identical meals. One of these knights...
...made profound studies of the "conditioned response" and whose specialty is the mechanism of hearing in mammals. By last week Dr. Culler had finished installing his battery of gadgets and he was able to show Rochester newshawks how he determines the threshold of hearing in a dog, cat or guinea...
...faint musical tone sounds, followed after a short interval by a mild electric shock administered through the bars of the cage. If the animal runs the turning of the cage switches off the current, thus sparing the subject further shock. After a few experiences the dog, cat or guinea pig learns to avoid shock by running the moment it hears the musical signal. When this conditioned response is set up Dr. Culler can easily find the threshold of hearing by steadily diminishing the loudness of the signal until the animal no longer responds by running. Dogs, which hear best, have...
Irrespective of their individual hearing abilities, dogs learn most quickly how to avoid shock and guinea pigs are slowest. The scientist found one genius of a guinea pig, however, which learned what to do after only one experience...
...yardsticks nowadays. Last week a psychologist reduced to statistics some surprising facts about the subtle art of changing people's minds through discussion. Dr. Ray H. Simpson, an instructor in Barnard College, made a study of Those Who Influence and Those Who Are Influenced in Discussions.* His guinea pigs were 185 college girls (Dr. Simpson says his findings would probably have been similar if the subjects had been men.) He determined their opinions on many issues, then formed groups of four students each, with differing opinions, to discuss these questions. After the discussions he again tested them to find...