Word: gulags
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After military service in World War II, the author was arrested for writing letters criticizing Stalin and sentenced to hard labor in the Gulag. "I was eight years in camp and that, of course, induced a lot of thought. I met a great many Orthodox and had a lot of discussions with them. After that, I was mortally ill in camp, and, faced with that mortal illness, I found anew my faith...
...legend among prisoners in the Gulag, Kaminskaya was said to have the eloquence to move the most stonyhearted judge to render a merciful decision. Her scrupulous and exhaustive presentations earned praise even from Communist Party-controlled jurists at the top of her profession. In an official 1959 book entitled The Moscow Bar, she was acclaimed as "a well-known forensic orator capable of combining deep-felt emotionalism that stirs in her hearers solicitude for the fate of the defendant with the faculty of sober, logical analysis...
...courtroom 14 years ago. The 63-year-old advocate brought to America a treasured photo of Sasha, grown up, that is touchingly inscribed to her. But she has other, tragic memories of the dissidents she could not save from injustice: Yuri Galanskov, who died of mistreatment in the Gulag; Ilya Gabay, who killed himself in despair; Anatoli Marchenko, who was sent back to the camps for ten years after three terms of imprisonment and exile...
...after he had moved to England, Koestler turned his attention to anthropology, scientific phenomena and, ultimately, parapsychology. Recalling the "three out of every four friends" who had died or disappeared in the war, the Holocaust or the Gulag, he wrote, "Murder within the species is a phenomenon unknown in the whole animal kingdom, except for man and a few varieties of ants and rats." He sought explanations for human behavior outside the field of established science and attempted to revise ancient history. But scientists and critics were not always receptive...
...selectively tailored for the dissidents: some are expelled, as outspoken Novelist Alexander Solzhenitsyn was in 1974; others, like Nobel Peace Prizewinner Andrei Sakharov, are sent into internal exile; still others?like Sergei Batovrin, spokesman for an independent peace group-are shut away in psychiatric hospitals. Finally, there is the Gulag, which, according to human rights activists, holds some 1,000 known political prisoners today, though the count might be three times as large...