Word: gulags
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...Ministry of Electric Power Stations, he had been put on a job as a Dynamo-Dan at a hydroelectric project at Ust Kameno-gorsk in the remote Altai Mountains near the Mongolian border-1,800 crow-flight miles from Moscow. The area is part of the Karaganda administration of Gulag, the vast slave-labor system that Malenkov helped found. In Ust Kamenogorsk, Malenkov will be constantly watched. If his exile follows the pattern of previous top-party banishments (Trotsky was banished to the same province), he will be amply supplied with creature comforts and vodka, but there will...
Kruglov was a natural for the next big job of Soviet industry: helping to organize the sprawling GULAG prison camps into a source of slave labor. He carried out the job with impersonal ruthlessness. During World War II he moved on into SMERSH, the Soviet counterespionage outfit, and at war's end he was so much in Stalin's trust that he was made top security man in the Kremlin. In this role Comrade Kruglov appeared at the Teheran Conference, where he kept close to Stalin's side. He was Molotov's personal bodyguard...
...Between 8 and 20 million "forced laborers," most of them at work on the massive "Stalin Projects" (Volga-Don Canal, Kuibyshev power station), and in atom plants in central Siberia. Supervised by GULAG, the industrial arm of the MVD (secret police), a minority of the slaves are political prisoners; many are Crimean Tartars and other minorities, shipped to Siberia en masse...
...Soviet delegation to the Atomic Energy Commission. Said Alexeev: "It was hardly of his own free will that Professor Alexandrov, known in America, a prominent expert in metallurgy and former director of the Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, accepted in 1936 the job of chief engineer of the GULAG (Department of Concentration Camps...