Word: haitians
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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While the political arrangements worked out by former President Jimmy Carter seemed to be running on schedule, the more complicated task of bringing calm to Haiti has required improvisation. The original agreement, which envisioned using the Haitian security forces to continue to police the country under the aegis of the U.S. Army, has fallen apart. "We really didn't figure," a U.S. officer says, "that the Haitian police would evaporate the way they...
...same time becoming Haiti's palace guard. But ready or not, the figurative baton could be thrust into Aristide's hands as early as this Saturday, when the remaining military rulers, Lieut. General Raoul Cedras and Brigadier General Philippe Biamby, have agreed to step down. Last week the Haitian parliament approved an amnesty bill that will permit Aristide to grant the generals pardons as sweeping or narrow as he chooses, but they are obligated to resign no matter what he decides...
More critical preparations are under way. TIME has learned that 21 former Delta Force commandos, U.S. Army Green Berets and Secret Service agents flew to Haiti Saturday to begin preparing for Aristide's arrival. The team will act as trainers and advisers to a 60-man Haitian bodyguard force whose job is to keep Aristide alive. As a form of foreign aid, the U.S. will send in armored vehicles, including "one suitable for presidential travel," bulletproof vests and handguns at a cost of $2 million...
...Pentagon is worried that Aristide's return could cause problems beyond his personal security. Officials fear the Haitian President may resume making the fiery speeches that ignited his mass movement, the Lavalas, or flash flood, in the past. Such rhetoric might, even unintentionally, trigger a popular uprising against the military and the country's rich elite -- a vengeful burst of mob violence that could put the U.S. Army in the middle and in danger...
Emmanuel "Toto" Constant was known to American reporters in Haiti as an elegant dresser, a man who spoke perfect English and claimed to hold degrees in physics and mathematics from Canadian universities -- while still believing fervently in voodoo -- and, so he said, a onetime diplomat with the Haitian mission to the United Nations. He was also the head of a gang of thugs unusually vicious even by Haitian standards, the FRAPH. Those letters are the initials of the French words for Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti, but to most Haitians they stand for murder, torture and beatings...