Word: halacha
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Cossacks." About 70% of British Jewry is Orthodox-a fact that is no guarantee of cohesiveness. On the far left of the community-scorned as near apostates by Jews who observe Halacha (religious law)-are the minority of Reform Jews, similar in their modernizing views to American Conservative Judaism, and the Liberals, who theologically conform roughly to the Reform movement in the U.S. Representing the mainstream of Orthodoxy -and most of the wealthy Anglo-Jewish families-is the United Synagogue, which governs 80 congregations in Greater London. Although it defends the full authority of Halacha, the United Synagogue is nonetheless...
...Ireland's chief rabbi before coming to the U.S. in 1958. In Ireland, some British Jews recall, his advice on moral issues amounted to "the rabbi says you mustn't"; in the U.S., however, he is counted among the modern Orthodox leaders who seek to accommodate Halacha to contemporary issues. An expert on medical ethics, he frowns on contraception, points to the low birth rate among Jews, and fears that Judaism may some day vanish entirely. He and his wife have six children...
...denominational' affiliation is no longer any guarantee of theological commitment." Some technically Orthodox synagogues have a predominantly Conservative membership, while many Reform families are nearly as strict in their observance of the law as Orthodox Jews. Petuchowski proposes that Judaism needs a new understanding and appreciation of Halacha (religious law) as a basis for unity: a Jew's piety should not be judged by how many of the 613 daily rules he keeps but by the spirit with which he conforms his life to God's will...
...This People Israel, which was first published in Germany in 1955, was written on scraps of paper at Theresienstadt; yet it is a book that breathes a spirit of peace and hope. Writing a theology of history, Baeck traces the unfolding of Judaism's central concepts-Torah, Talmud, Halacha-from the Exodus to the Nazi holocaust and the creation of modern Israel. The history of Judaism, he says, is a story of a people's encounters with God; the Jews were the first to perceive the unique oneness of God, the first to proclaim that true freedom...
...root of Israel's schizophrenia as a modern, secular state whose laws are strongly influenced by a minority of observant Orthodox Jews as their price for remaining in the coalition with the governing Mapai. In 1960 the Interior Ministry, dominated by Orthodox Jews, ru'ed that the Halacha would determine whether an immigrant could enter Israel under the 1950 Law of Return, which makes any Jew automatically eligible for citizenship...