Word: handbooks
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Last week seven U. S. peace bodies* issued a Pacifist Handbook designed to inform and gird pacifists and conscientious objectors for the next war. The Handbook is factual, realistic, anything but meek and mild. In some 60 questions and answers, it shows pacifists what happened to their fellows in the last war, what will probably happen to them in the next, not excluding "the concentration camp and even the firing squad." The Handbook summarizes the arguments against pacifism to which its adherents will be subjected, suggests various courses of action in such dilemmas as: whether to refuse...
...case for the pacifist the Handbook states as follows: "He considers himself a patriot because he is confident that the nation will be better off if it adopts his method. . . . Against 'aggressors' he advocates the practice of nonviolence, seeking to remove the injustices which give rise to 'aggressors.'... He does not believe that Christianity, or democracy, or liberty, can be successfully defended by being compromised from the outset...
...many conscientious objectors there will be, the Handbook does not attempt to say. It estimates that there are 1,000,000 pacifists in the U. S.-on the basis of questionnaires circulated among ministers and churchgoers in recent years, and of the enrollment of the avowed pacifist churches (Quakers, Mennonites, Brethren, Churches of Christ, Assemblies of God). Moreover, some of the biggest Protestant churches, among them the Northern Baptist,' Methodist and Disciples of Christ, have gone on record as claiming for their conscientious objector members the same exemption from combatant service which the Quakers and others will expect...
Noncooperation in war is the course recommended to pacifists by the Handbook. As a matter of strategy when conscription begins, the pacifist is advised .to set his affairs in order, provide for his family, get his pastor to accompany him before a draft board where he will state his position. If he appears to be defying the law, he should seek to be tried early in Federal court rather than later by courtmartial. A pacifist might exhaust every means, legal or otherwise, of avoiding war service, and still be forced into the trenches. The Handbook lists a series of noncooperating...
...next year), California went a step further in using horse racing to balance a budget. To Governor Olson, the State Legislature last week sent a bill legalizing (and supervising) poolroom bookmaking and other away-from-the-track horse-race betting. Taxation on California's handbook betting (which is not limited to California tracks) will net the State $20,000,000 a year, its proponents say, in addition to the $2,500,000 the State now receives from pari-mutuel wagering at its five tracks...