Word: handbooks
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...While 10 years is a necessary minimum to achieve expertise in most fields, it doesn't guarantee success. As Anders Ericsson writes in the introduction to the 901-page Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance (2006), "The number of years of experience in a domain is a poor predictor of attained performance." Ericsson, 60, is a professor at Florida State who moved to the U.S. from his native Sweden in 1976 to study with Simon, co-author of the seminal chess paper. (Simon went on to win a Nobel Prize in economics for his work on decision-making.) Today...
...jumps - one of the riskiest and most demanding parts of figure-skating routines. Skaters in a second tier, who were just as experienced in terms of years, spent only 48% of their time on jumps, and they rested more often. As Deakin and her colleagues write in the Cambridge Handbook, "All skaters spent considerably more time practicing jumps that already existed in their repertoire and less time on jumps they were attempting to learn." In other words, we like to practice what we know, stretching out in the warm bath of familiarity rather than stretching our skills. Those who overcome...
...Cambridge Handbook concludes that great performance comes mostly from deliberate practice but also from another activity: regularly obtaining accurate feedback. In a 1997 study published in the journal Medical Decision Making, researchers found that only 4% of interns had known a group of elderly patients for more than a week; by comparison, nearly half the highly experienced attending physicians had known the patients for more than six months. But even with the advantages of years of medical experience and months of knowing the patients, the attending physicians were no more accurate than the interns at predicting the patients...
...different suggestion. Lane argues that psychiatrists have been systematically narrowing the acceptable range of human behavior by increasing the number of diseases afflicting the human mind. To illustrate his point, Lane explores the expansion of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)—the handbook listing the types of mental disorders and their criteria. In 1994, the fourth edition of the DSM appeared with 400 more pages than the previous edition...
That preference for the arriviste should not be surprising, for Margaret Thatcher is an exemplar of the new Tory. From her earliest days in Grantham, where she and her family lived above her father's grocery store, she seems to have been infused with a Girl Scout Handbook of virtues. "I'm a born hard worker," she told a reporter. "I watched my mother work like a Trojan in the shop and house." She sometimes repeats one of her grandmother's favorite homilies: "If a thing is worth doing, it's worth doing well...