Word: handwork
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...says the study. In effect, they are subsidized by consumers. In the mass-production industries, where U.S. wages are far above world scales, Bidwell found that the U.S. worker usually so outproduces low-paid foreign workers that most tariffs and other import restrictions can be safely eliminated. Even in handwork industries, where the cost of labor makes up a large share of the product cost, he concluded that the tariff does little more than bail out the marginal producer...
Bulova started in the watch business in the Manhattan jewelry shop run by his father, an immigrant who learned the watchmaking craft in Czechoslovakia. Later, while the Swiss still depended mostly on handwork, Bulova expanded mass-production methods in the U.S., introduced more standard and interchangeable parts. These innovations, plus agressive advertising and sales promotion, masterminded by President John H. Ballard (Bulova is board chairman), were mainly responsible for lifting Bulova into its leading position among U.S. watchmakers...
...World War II, the Navy has been worried about bottlenecks in the electronics industry which might slow up war production in a national emergency. While electronic equipment is used in almost every modern weapon, as well as a wide variety of peacetime products, the industry relies largely on handwork (i.e., soldering and wiring) to put together complicated assemblies. Any major expansion of the industry, the Navy realized, would be slow and costly, and would call for big additions of skilled manpower that would not be available...
...steering, a feature of road racers, is as hard as a truck's but very responsive, and they are famed for the way they hold the road. Each model has such features as self-lubrication (at the press of a foot pedal), independent suspension of all four wheels, handwork on such parts as polished wood dashboards and door frames. Daimler-Benz sticks stubbornly to heavy, solid steel, though many other makers have switched to lighter frames. Says Chief Designer Fritz Nallinger: "Mercedes is built to last...
...Grind. The world's demand for Leicas proved greater than ever, despite the rise of formidable imitators abroad. Leitz stepped up employment to 5,000, production to 4,000 Leicas per month, 25% more than prewar, and its gross to $12.5 million. Leitz keeps many operations on a handwork basis simply to provide jobs. This, plus heavy taxes, has kept profits below prewar levels, but even so, Leitz made enough last year to finance a new $950,000 building at Wetzlar and the Canadian plant, which may expand Leitz's total capacity by 15%. At Midland, Leitz plans...