Word: hardening
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Heat treating (controlled heating and cooling) is a necessary step in steel working to soften or harden the metal. Ordinarily, steel oxidizes rapidly at furnace temperatures (around 1,600° F.), forming a scaly surface. This must be cleaned off mechanically or chemically, thus altering delicate dimensions. But with a lithium atmosphere in the furnace, steel parts come out bright, all ready for assembly...
Drawing starts with a round chunk or disk of steel which is cupped, then elon gated by a series of punches and dies which work the metal into cylindrical shape. The open end is trimmed or tapered, the base machined to shape. Between draws, which harden the steel, the cartridge case must be annealed. To protect it from corrosion and sparking it must also be varnish-sprayed and baked...
...called high standards of living for the past generation - and one-third of our youth are unfit for military service. And many that pass our none-too-high physical standards for entrance into the Army require much time and patience to harden physically-even more time and patience to toughen morally...
...high in Rockefeller Center three out of four likely candidates are either nearing the retirement limit or in ill health. They are R. W. Gallagher, 46 years with Standard but now 62 years old; Wallace E. Pratt, aged 57, one of the nation's outstanding geologists; and Orville Harden, perhaps the most brilliant of Standard's board but in ill health...
...Yale plan, run on an experimental basis, intends to harden the students and prepare them for service under fire by giving them physical tests which approach in difficulty those developed by British Commandos and American Ranger troops. Actual tactics and technique will be neglected, however...