Word: harnack
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Idolatrous Counterfeiters. The son of a Swiss Reformed pastor, Barth studied theology at the University of Berlin under Church Historian Adolf von Harnack. Perhaps the greatest of Protestant liberals, Harnack stressed the importance of Jesus as a supreme ethical teacher more than as God's son, and Christianity as the culmination of mankind's spiritual aspirations. World War I destroyed Barth's faith in secular optimism; he was also appalled that his teachers supported the war policy of Kaiser Wilhelm. While serving as a pastor of a Reformed church in the Swiss village of Safenwill, Barth returned...
...renaissance that produced such men as Freud, Einstein, Kafka and Martin Buber. Born in Prussia, he studied philosophy at the University of Berlin, and as a rabbi in Silesia, Dusseldorf and Berlin emerged as one of Germany's great articulators of Reform Judaism. When Protestant Theologian Adolf von Harnack declared Judaism to be a spiritually inferior faith in his The Essence of Christianity, Baeck replied with The Essence of Judaism. Baeck defended Judaism as a classical religion, and argued that Christianity became romantic and sentimental when it departed from its Hebraic origins. But he acknowledged the importance of Jesus...
...write "realistic" biographies of Jesus. They stripped the Gospels of miraculous and dogmatic elements, and used new materials gleaned from non-Christian literary sources and from archaeology. Out of such efforts came such portraits as David Friedrich Strauss's Jesus as a Jewish sage, and Adolf von Harnack's Jesus as an ideal ethical humanist...
...church and state would work hand in hand for man's final victory over nature, and the eventual establishment of the Kingdom of God on earth. Liberalism also accepted scientific study of the Bible, even when it tended to challenge orthodox views of the divinity of Christ. Von Harnack's own major contribution to this "higher criticism" was a historical examination of church dogmas; his aim was to cut through the formulas of faith created by churchmen, reach back to the simple message of love that Jesus had actually taught...
Parish Parson. Barth spent a year grappling with Von Harnack's historicism. absorbed more liberal theology at the universities of Tubingen and Marburg before being ordained in 1908 by his father at the Reformed cathedral of Bern. He served his ecclesiastical apprenticeship as an assistant pastor in a French-speaking parish near Geneva. Then, in 1911, he was called to the Reformed Church of Safenwil, a small mill town in northern Switzerland, where he married a sprightly young violinist named Nelly Hoffman...