Word: hawkishness
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...dependence on the U.S. has grown to staggering-and probably unhealthy-proportions. American aid now amounts to nearly $2 billion annually-or $600 for every man, woman and child in the country. The aid total constitutes 16% of Israel's national budget, and Premier Menachem Begin's hawkish government is requesting $2.3 billion for fiscal 1979. The money is divided almost equally between economic and military aid, and half of the economic portion ($525 million) is a direct grant. The rest is in long-term loans at nominal (2% to 3%) interest rates...
Carter has lined up some impressive artillery. The usually hawkish AFL-CIO President George Meany was persuaded to support the treaty after Carter guaranteed job rights for Canal Zone workers. Former Secretary of State Dean Rusk warned that rejection of the agreement could lead to bloodshed and the commitment of U.S. troops. General George S. Brown, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, summoned 75 retired generals and admirals to a meeting to drum up support for the treaty. Former Democratic National Committee Chairman Robert Strauss, about to depart for trade talks in Tokyo, was rerouted to Capitol Hill, where...
...neither Shmuel Katz nor any single organization can be wholly credited with the swift turnabout in attitudes toward Begin. Also responsible was a series of extemporaneous efforts by hundreds of Jewish groups and thousands of individual Jews who feared that any wavering of support for the Jerusalem government-however hawkish the Premier -might endanger Israel's survival...
...Israel's hawkish new Premier Menachem Begin appears less willing than his Labor Party predecessors to bend to U.S. pressures for compromise. The Israeli leader seemed to taunt Carter deliberately last week when, only a few hours after he returned home from an all-smiles meeting with the President in Washington, he approved the legalizing of three Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank (see box). Carter promptly endorsed a statement by Vance that the Israeli action created "an obstacle to the peacemaking process...
Although the Begin government's triumvirate is notoriously hawkish, Israeli generals are not monolithically hard-line in their politics. Rabin, the only ex-general ever to head the government, turned out to be somewhat more moderate than his predecessor Golda Meir. Former Quartermaster General Matityahu Peled, who teaches Arabic studies at Tel Aviv University, is one of the few prominent Israelis who support the idea of a Palestinian state...