Word: haya
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...businesses and industries of Lima. But in the '20s, a group of left-wingers at San Marcos University (which is 85 years older than Harvard) saw in the national division the makings of an extremist mass party. A silver-tongued intellectual named Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre thereupon founded a movement called Apra (from the Spanish initials of Popular Revolutionary Alliance of America...
...Haya, a brilliant theorist, gave Apra a philosophy dizzyingly compounded of anti-U.S. nationalism, Marxism, reverence for the Incas, Nazi symbolism and even Einstein's theory of relativity as applied by Haya to history. Fighting back bloodily against the suppressive tactics of a series of dictators, Apra earned mass support and the hatred of the rich rightists and the army. Finally, in 1945, retiring President Manuel Prado allowed a free election. José Luis Bustamante, an Apra-supported but non-Aprista President, was chosen, and Apra had working control of Congress...
...Haya emerged from eleven years of hiding to become Peru's unofficial strongman. He first tightened socialistic controls on prices and currency exchange, a move every bit as alarming as the conservatives had feared. They boycotted Congress, paralyzing it. Then came violence: the assassination of the editor of La Prensa, the Apra-hating newspaper owned by conservative Cotton Exporter Pedro Beltrán. Apristas were blamed; President Bustamante called for a soldier to take charge of public order. His choice: gimlet-eyed Colonel Manuel Odria, then chief of staff...
...with navy help revolted violently one Sunday at dawn in Callao, but were speedily put down by the army at a cost of 100 killed. The government promptly outlawed the party. Less than a month later, Odria, by then convinced of his mission, seized power in a military junta. Haya took asylum in Lima's Colombian Embassy, became the world's most celebrated refugee before Odria freed and exiled him last year (he now lives in Belgium...
From Panama, Haya cabled his Colombian hosts in Lima: "All's well that ends well." In Mexico he told the friends who flocked around that he had passed the silent years by writing three books and reading thousands of them. Once the organizer of Latin America's only Indian mass movement, the left-wing APRA Party, Haya now bubbled with plans to write, speak and travel. Said he: "I consider myself lucky to be alive . . . Now I must start all over again." Today, Haya's party is shattered and outlawed. Peru's President Manuel Odria...