Word: haya
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Massacre in Chan Chan. Haya's enemies have good reason to fear him and his party. His allies are still nervously unsure in their trust. Son of a struggling newspaper publisher, Haya founded APRA (American Popular Revolutionary Alliance) 38 years ago while exiled in Mexico for inciting student riots against Peru's ruling oligarchy. His object was to unite all Latin America into a single federation under a government built around elements of both Marxism and Fascism. Imperialists and exploiters would be thrown out; the peasants would rule through the divine leadership of APRA. The party...
...party was outlawed, and APRA responded by massacring 26 soldiers in Haya's home town of Trujillo. Coldly and efficiently, the army then executed thousands of Apristas before the ruins of the nearby Inca city of Chan Chan. Driven underground, Haya continued to build his party cells and by 1945 was too powerful either to destroy or ignore. In elections that year, APRA made a deal to help elect a non-Aprista as President, and in return was given three Cabinet posts. Within three years, an APRA-hating general named Manuel Odria seized power and drove APRA underground once...
Blessed & Cursed. In the current campaign, Haya and APRA are working hard to live down their violent past. Declaring himself a member of the non-Communist left, Haya renounces Communism in his speeches, tells his Apristas that democratic reform, foreign investment and massive U.S. aid are the only cures for Peru's ills-an illiteracy rate of possibly 60%, a life expectancy of 45 years, an average peasant wage of $53 annually. Yet the conservatives still call APRA Communist, the Communists call it reactionary, and politicians of all shades spend more time attacking it than speaking for themselves...
Through its well-organized political machine, APRA controls the country's 500,000-member Workers' Confederation and the 1,300,000-member Peasants' Federation. Haya predicts that he will win with more than 1,000,000 votes out of an expected 2,000,000. But Fernando Belaúnde, the 1956 loser, is giving APRA a hard race. Tirelessly stumping Peru's 144 provinces, he preaches much the same economic and social reform as does APRA, draws huge crowds from all those who hate and fear APRA. His opinions about the rabid left hardened abruptly...
...balance is delicate, and any last-minute deal among supporters of the three contenders might well determine the outcome on election day. If APRA and Haya de la Torre should win, they face the possibility that Peru's military men, emboldened by the Argentine example, will attempt to annul the election. Odria already accuses APRA of trying to rig the voting. "If the government allows fraud, there will be deeds not words," shouted Odria at a rally in Lima. And last week the army, which is charged with supervising the election, reported the discovery of 1,591 falsified voting...