Word: haya
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Schlesinger found, as others have before him, that many of Latin America's leaders in private are ready to express their growing disillusionment with Castro. Last week even Peruvian Leftist Victor Raul Haya de la Torre denounced the Castro government in public (see below). Half a dozen Latin American nations-Haiti, the Dominican Republic. Nicaragua, Guatemala, Peru and Paraguay-have already broken off diplomatic relations with Castro...
More than 35 years ago, a stocky Peruvian student named Victor Raul Haya de la Torre started one of Latin America's first mass-based political movements. He called it the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), and from the moment of its founding Haya was so harassed by Peru's wealthy oligarchy and archconservative military that he spent at least 30 of the 36 years in prison, in asylum or out of the country. Last week -protected by APRA's current alliance with the enlightened conservatism of Peru's President Manuel Prado-Haya de la Torre...
After the fireworks, the chants and the jubilant procession past APRA's head quarters, Haya explained to 80,000 party faithful how he saw APRA in the world of 1961. The party, he said, still stands for its historic goals-land reform, free education, cooperatives and the gradual nationalization of natural resources. Haya had no apologies to make for his alliance with President Prado. Such cooperation between left and right is necessary, he said, "to defend the new democracy against its many enemies...
Permitted to return from exile in 1931, Haya stumped the country as the new party's presidential candidate, fired the peasants and workers into unprecedented rallies. The landowning aristocracy made sure the presidency went to an army colonel, who jailed Haya and issued a chilling order: "I want to see Aprista blood on every bayonet." Apristas answered with smoking pistols. At Haya's home town of Trujillo in July 1932, peasants killed 150 soldiers. The army retaliated by massacring 5,000 Apristas...
Living Underground. The next 13 years Haya spent in prison or underground. In 1945, then (and now) President Manuel Prado, a banker, legalized APRA, but under a new name. Out of hiding, Haya spoke before 175,000: "We aspire to create an authentic social justice, not one that comes from Moscow." Yet once again, when an APRA-hatmg newspaper editor was murdered, the aristocracy threw out the coalition regime that APRA had helped elect (but in which it did not have a commanding voice) and forced the party back underground. Haya spent five years as a refugee in the Colombian...