Word: heartedly
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Whooley's team studied the depressed group further. Researchers systematically adjusted for each potential risk factor to figure out whether it was mediating the link between depression and heart disease. Physiological factors, such as serotonin levels or CRP, for example, appeared not to have much impact. But when researchers adjusted for physical activity - that is, when they analyzed the data by assuming identical levels of exercise in both depressed and non-depressed patients - the difference in heart disease risk between the groups disappeared. Indeed, inactivity among the depressed patients gave them a 44% greater risk of having a heart event...
...findings suggest that the effect of depression on heart health may have less to do with changes in hormones or other biochemical pathways, and more to do with behavior. Compared with other people, notes Whooley, the depressed are less healthy overall - they're less likely to exercise or take their heart medications, and are more likely to smoke. The relationship also feeds back on itself; previous studies show that exercise not only improves cardiovascular health, but also elevates mood and can ease depression...
...study may even help to explain why treating depression alone - rather than addressing patients' mental state and accompanying behavioral changes - has not proven successful in reducing the risk of heart disease. "We have always looked at certain behaviors like physical activity and smoking in isolation with respect to their effect on heart disease," says Dr. Clyde Yancy, president-elect of the American Heart Association and medical director of the heart and vascular institute at Baylor College of Medicine. "But one or both could be manifestations of depression, which in turn leads to heart disease...
...while researchers are intrigued by the question of which comes first - depression or heart disease - the study points out that, in practice, it doesn't really matter. "It's hard to tease out which came first," says Whooley. "But our bottom line is that regardless of which is coming first, this study introduces a new pathway that might get at that risk, by focusing not so much on depression itself, but by getting at the behaviors that go along with depression." It may be easier to take Prozac than to take a jog, but as the study suggests...
...have good test data going back that far, a problem that plagues many districts, so this assertion cannot be checked. But Rhee's principal at the time has confirmed the claim.) The experience gave Rhee faith in the power of good teaching. Yet what happened afterward broke her heart. "What was most disappointing was to watch these kids go off into the fourth grade and just lose everything," Rhee says, "because they were in classrooms with teachers who weren't engaging them...