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Researchers have long suspected that stress does the body harm, but bulletproof clinical evidence linking stress to heart attacks and other disease has been elusive - partly because stress is such a personal and variable thing. Only recently have such studies started to gather critical mass, and researchers have begun calling on clinicians to include the diagnosis and treatment of stress in the routine care for patients with conditions like AIDS and heart disease. "Every layman knows that stress is a cause of heart disease," says Dr. Kristina Orth-Gomer, who has been studying stress and cardiology for 25 years...
...studies published this week in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and the Archives of Internal Medicine lend support to her cause. The JAMA study, led by researchers at the Université Laval in Quebec, finds that first-time heart attack patients who returned to chronically stressful jobs were twice as likely to have a second attack as patients whose occupations were relatively stress-free. The study tracked 972 first-time heart attack survivors, aged 35-59, all of whom went back to work within 18 months of their heart attack for at least 10 hours a week...
...divorce and the death of a loved one - often triggers clinical depression or worsens it, and causes relapses in people who have recovered. The report also suggests that stress may quicken the progress of the disease in AIDS patients, and, like the Canadian study, finds that chronic stress exacerbates heart disease. "There is a fair amount of evidence that the relationship [between stress and disease] exists - enough to start asking whether reductions of stress would reduce disease outcomes," says Cohen, adding, "People have not been asking [this] question...
...getting a broader picture of how important stress levels are to physical health, we're simultaneously cramming appointments into shorter and shorter periods of time," says Dr. Daniel Brotman, director of the Hospitalist Program at Johns Hopkins Hospital and author of a review paper on emotional stress and heart health, which was published in the September issue of The Lancet. Brotman acknowledges the strong link between stress and cardiovascular disease, but he doesn't think it's realistic to ask doctors to screen every patient for stress. "We say to ourselves as physicians, 'Well, there...
...exactly promote well-being. Stress also triggers the body's endocrine systems, prompting the release of hormones that play out in the body in a variety of ways: they might, for instance, irritate lymphatic tissue that in turn alters our immune functions, or they might simply cause the resting heart to beat faster. "Anybody who has almost been hit by a bus knows how much emotional stress can rev up your cardiovascular system," says Brotman. "But having frequent bouts of fight or flight is not something we're designed to do." That's where chronic stressors become physical threats...