Word: hearths
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Bessemer furnaces (now unused) could produce 1,965,800 net tons; extended use of the Bessemer flame-control process could produce another 1,000,000 net tons; idle open-hearth and finishing facilities could produce 2,454,395 net tons; idle facilities for making concrete reinforcement bars (mostly in small, independent plants) could be used, releasing 500,000 tons of open-hearth steel capacity...
...Buffalo, Gary, Youngstown, South Chicago, Bethlehem. Pittsburgh, the city of steel, was dark, dirtier than ever as smoke belched from chimneys and rolled along the Monongahela. Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, ore was fed into blast furnaces, cooked, tapped out in molten iron streams. Open-hearth and Bessemer furnaces converted iron into white-hot steel which was molded into ingots, rolled and tortured into flat slabs, long, thin blooms. In strip mills, finishing plants, hot metal and cold metal was drawn and pressed into tubes, sheets and ropes of steel-the very sinews of war. Sound...
...tall, redheaded, reticent T. C. I. Chief Robert Gregg announced the 18-month expansion which will boost his pig-iron capacity more than 20% to over 2,000,000 tons. Steelman Gregg will add one blast furnace (boosting Alabama's active total to 191, renovate 18 standing open-hearth furnaces, build 70 coke ovens, install a 140-inch plate mill, modernize all mining operations...
...with some 81,000,000 ingots a year, has about half the world's steelmaking capacity. No foreseeable peacetime boom is likely to strain it. But for purposes of war, U. S. steel capacity is mostly of the wrong kind. Of its enormous furnace power, 90% is open-hearth, for run-of-the-mill steel. Only 2% is in electric furnaces, which are hotter, can be more precisely controlled, turn out steel ingots of the finest grade. Many an aircraft part, the guts of internal combustion engines, light armor plate for tanks, tools for Defense industry must (or should...