Word: hebrew
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Vienna-born Martin Buber, 77, lives in Jerusalem, where he taught philosophy at the Hebrew University from 1938 until his retirement five years ago. Long a prominent Zionist thinker, he is now at odds with the Israeli government, and the splinter group of which he is a leader (Ihud, meaning Union) is almost the only voice in Israel advocating cooperation with the Arabs. But Buber's main achievement lies in his tense, paradoxical, spiritual philosophy that has perhaps been as influential among Christian theologians, e.g., Reinhold Niebuhr, Paul Tillich, Karl Barth, as among Jews. A new book...
Meaning v. Thought. Buber's work is influenced by Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Dostoevsky. It is also inspired by an 18th century Jewish movement called Hasidism. The modern Hasidism (from the Hebrew hasid, meaning pious) sprang up in the Polish ghettos and followed the zaddikim, or holy men, who rebelled against excessive emphasis on law and scholarship, which seemed to confine Judaism. They were cheerful mystics who insisted on sharing their personal inspirations with the whole community. Buber, a leading collector of Hasidic lore, is in a sense himself a zaddik. He too rebels against the overrigid emphasis...
...room at their own expense and are cultivating gardens among the rocks. Says a 20-year-old Iraqi girl who married on her arrival three years ago: "We hadn't even money to buy a blanket to cover us on our wedding night. We couldn't speak Hebrew. We were frightened of everyone who tried to help us. Today we have a two-room apartment, a dining-room table with four chairs, a wardrobe with three doors, an icebox, a radio, two babies, two cots and a double bed. We speak Hebrew, and my husband has a good...
...Israelis still cannot speak, read or write Hebrew, and it will be a long time before a lad from Morocco living in the arid emptiness of the rocky Hebron foothills wins the same opportunity as the boy from Rehavia, Jerusalem's swank suburb. Last week, calling again on the army to help deal with the social problems of consolidating the new state, Ben-Gurion urged that the conscription period be increased by one year to 3½, the last year to be spent establishing new agricultural settlements in the Negev...
Penance for a Flat. Gregorian Chant, or plain song, is a flowing unaccompanied chant that originated in the Greek, Roman and Hebrew melodies used by the first Christians. Thousands of these chants were composed by unknown authors; according to tradition, it was not until the 6th century that they were collected and edited under St. Gregory the Great, who was Pope from 590 to 604. Gregorian Chant, the music of the church, was practically the only written music in Europe during the early Middle Ages, but with the Renaissance, a new flamboyance began to corrupt the ancient Latin prayer-songs...