Word: hebrew
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...sizable amount of success as well. The most notable example is Reform Judaism, which today represents roughly one-third of some 3,000,000 religious Jews in North America. Last week 3,500 Reform delegates met in Manhattan to celebrate the centennial of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, Reform Judaism's central body, founded in Cincinnati by Rabbi Isaac Wise in 1873. Another purpose of the gathering was to pay tribute to Retiring President Maurice N. Eisendrath, 71, the outspoken liberal rabbi who has been U.A.H.C.'S guiding force since...
...some 1,600 years of the Diaspora. Eventually transplanted to the New World, the Reform movement drew strength from the pluralism of the U.S. Newly arrived German immigrants, eager to prove their Americanism, continued to reshape traditional Jewish customs and worship toward the image of Protestantism. The vernacular replaced Hebrew as the principal language of worship; organ music and Sunday services became widely popular. Confirmation replaced the bar mitzvah; dietary restrictions were relaxed. While Orthodox Jews continued to pray, in the traditional phrase, for their return "next year" to Jerusalem, Reform Jews became anti-Zionist, awaiting instead a "universal" kingdom...
Reform Jews across the U.S. are reintroducing more Hebrew to the worship service, and some are even establishing kosher kitchens. Skullcaps and prayer shawls are reappearing, and Sunday services have all but vanished. In a resolution passed earlier this year, Reform rabbis strengthened their opposition to marriages with non-Jews. Still another phase of Reform's reformation is Havurot, or small fellowship groups, meeting in synagogues or private houses across the country. As many as 200 such groups now discuss everything from the Torah to Jewish humor...
...youth regarded themselves either as agnostics or atheists. Yet Rabbi Schindler, who calls himself a "cockeyed optimist," feels the return to tradition is a harbinger of a return to a more spiritual faith. "There was a time in Reform when it was a sin to read a prayer in Hebrew unless you knew the translation," he points out. "Now we know there can be a language of the heart...
...counterculture hero; of heart disease; near Mill Valley, Calif. Born in England, Watts came to America in 1938, lectured widely on college campuses and occasionally lived on a houseboat in San Francisco Bay. His concept of inner peace and release from what he termed "the chronic uneasy conscience of Hebrew-Christian cultures," made popular through The Way of Zen (1957) and his essay Beat Zen, Square Zen and Zen (1958), earned him an enthusiastic following that ranged from hippies to psychoanalysts and theologians to Drug Cultist Timothy Leary...