Word: heisenberg
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...phenomena of nature. Quantum mechanics is an exact, mathematical system for dealing with atoms and radiation. So named because its fundamental principle is that energy is exchanged in separate, indivisible bundles called quanta, quantum mechanics has been powerfully developed by such giants of physics as Bohr, de Broglie, Heisenberg, Schrodinger and Dirac (Nobel Prizewinners all). It has interpreted the laws of radiation, the laws of specific heat, the details of atomic, molecular and X-ray spectra...
...expected. Nevertheless, an International Conference on New Theories in Physics, sponsored by the League of Nations1 International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation, was in session there, attended by some 30 giants of theoretical physics. On hand were Denmark's Niels Bohr and France's Louis de Broglie. Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrodinger of Germany and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac of England had been expected but did not appear. These five men alone have created almost the whole structure of Quantum Mechanics, which deals mathematically with the mathematically complex innards of the atom. Presumably, Herren Heisenberg and Schrodinger were forbidden...
...most productive years of a topflight theoretical physicist appear to be about the same as those of a championship tennis player. Most of the five bigwigs of Quantum Mechanics did their most important work when they were very young men. Heisenberg, for example, laid down his celebrated Uncertainty Principle (relating to the position and velocity of electrons) when he was 26; Dirac mathematically deduced the existence of the positive electron when he was 28. Once a theorist has constructed a powerful new theory, he is likely to become fond of it and spend much energy polishing and protecting...
This technique has become of great practical importance for investigating crystal structures. Meanwhile, with the impetus provided by this experimental confirmation, the wave theory was developed by de Broglie. Heisenberg, Schroedinger and Dirac into the monumental theoretical structure which is modern quantum Mechanics. All these theorists are Nobel Prizewinners...
Albert Einstein's wife was ill, so he sent word that he could not attend. He was to have read a paper "On Some Approximate and Rigorous Solutions of the Field Equations." Another Nobel Prizewinner who was expected to attend but did not was cocky young Werner Heisenberg of Germany, author of the famed "Uncertainty Principle" which has severely shaken the rule of Cause & Effect in physical science. Just as he was getting ready to leave Leipzig, at whose university he has been a professor for nine of his 35 years, the Uncertainty Principle's author was ordered...