Word: helpful
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...African empire languished in neglect until after the Spanish Civil War, when the new government began showing interest in its overseas possessions. Aid and advice have been flowing from Madrid ever since, but recently Franco has stepped up both, partially as insurance against possible disorders and partly to help Spain win African allies in its bid to recover Gibraltar from Britain...
Working Off Steam. Today, the brightest jewel in Spain's African crown is Spanish Guinea, which Consists of the verdant, volcanic island of Fernando Poo, a few other smaller islands and the larger, rain-forest mainland province of Rio Muni. Thanks to steady help from Madrid, Fernando Poo boasts bountiful harvests of coffee, bananas and cocoa. It has a model road system, one of Africa's highest rates of primary school attendance (89%) and per capita income ($246)-and probably its biggest leisure class. When the Spanish government gave the island's Bubi tribesmen their own farms...
...sexual deprivation in other American prisons incites riots, mental illness and homosexuality. By using strong inmates to control the weak, authoritarian officials create an inmate culture that forces prisoners to "do your own time"-trust no one, freeze your mind, be indifferent. Roughly 80% of adult inmates need psychiatric help. But illtrained, ill-paid guards are so concerned with security that treatment staffs can barely function. All American prisons have onl$ 150 full-time psychiatrists, half of them in federal institutions, which hold only 5% of all prisoners...
...year in prison costs and welfare payments to prisoners' families. The whole prison ethos can be changed. Just as astronauts train by simulating space conditions, so prisons should be located right in the inmates' community, where a vastly augmented treatment staff could use local resources to help the offender identify with an-ticriminal people and succeed at legitimate work...
...until the legislature nervously stopped the money. (The head parolee later became a professional penologist.) Several states profitably rely on Author Bill Sands (My Shadow Ran Fast), a reformed California armed robber, whose Seven Step Foundation sends ex-convicts into prisons to counsel inmates and runs "freedom houses" to help re-leasees. Of 5,000 Seventh Step graduates so far, only 10% have returned to prison. An ex-New York prisoner named Hiawatha Burris has carved a new career persuading reluctant employers to hire ex-cons. With federal funds, Burris started Washington's Bonabond, a convict-run agency that...