Word: hemoglobin
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Anatomists have long held that white skins are tinted by three pigments: melanin, a black chemical; hemoglobin, a reddish substance which colors the blood; oxyhemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin in combination with oxygen. They also believed that Negroes and Orientals are darker than Caucasians partly because of the presence of some special, unknown pigment in their skins...
...microscope, laymen may be mystified to hear scientific talk of "giant molecules." But molecules, infinitesimally tiny as they are by ordinary standards, vary greatly in size. Molecular weight of ethyl alcohol, for example, is 46 units; * of sodium chloride (salt), 58.5; of the hormone secretin, 5,000; of hemoglobin, about 68,000; of the thyroid substance thyroglobulin, about 700,000. Dr. Wendell Meredith Stanley and his associates at the Rockefeller Institute have crystallized the virus which causes mosaic disease in tobacco, found that it weighs 17,000,000 units (TIME, Nov.15). A rabbit wart virus was found to weigh...
...sarcoma 180. Dr. Richard Lewisohn of New York City's Mount Sinai Hospital decided to try spleen extract. The functions of the spleen, an organ in the upper left abdomen, are not wholly understood but one of them is to disintegrate red blood corpuscles and set free their hemoglobin. It has been observed that when bits of cancer are transported by the bloodstream to colonize elsewhere in the body, the spleen is seldom affected. Spleen extract had been tried against cancer before, without success. Dr. Lewisohn decided that was because the concentration was too weak...
...pneumonia and meningitis. It is also a distressing poison, sometimes causing, if not taken with proper precautions, itching rashes, jaundice, agranulocytosis (lack of white blood corpuscles, which the system needs to fight off infection) and cyanosis. Cyanosis is due to the sulfur of the sulfanilamide combining with the hemoglobin of red blood corpuscles. This prevents the red corpuscles from carrying oxygen through the system and as the result, the body turns blue. Such catastrophes may happen if a patient who takes sulfanilamide takes other sulfur preparations, such as Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate...
...ground. It feeds on substances in the soil rather than those of the human gut. It has no chitinous coat. It is dependent upon a circulatory system with not merely a single heart but five pairs of these organs through which circulates blood containing both corpuscles and hemoglobin. Except for its shape, there is nothing which under any consideration could be used as an excuse for taking such an animal as a test object for ascaricides, especially when one can obtain with great ease pig Ascaris, which are morphologically indistinguishable from the human Ascaris...