Word: hemoglobin
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...fish are vertebrates; thus their genetic code has quite a number of sequences that have survived from the primitive fish that were the ancestors of all vertebrates. When fragments of human DNA combine with salmon DNA, they presumably find matching code sequences that control such common attributes as hemoglobin in the blood or an internal skeleton. Mice are mam mals, so they have more in common with humans (warm blood, hair, a similar reproductive system); and in the world of primates monkeys are so similar to man that long stretches of their genetic codes must be identical. The all-important...
...only two proteins have yielded to X-ray analysis of this type--hemoglobin and myoglobin. The latter, which carries oxygen in the muscles, was the first whose structure was determined. Kendrew's model shows it to be a three-dimensional "lace-work of fabulous complexity," devoid of any regular or simplifying features, apart from the alpha-helix...
Perutz' X-ray studies of hemoglobin have not yet reached the same high degree of resolution and show far less detail than Kendrew's X-ray analysis of myoglobin, which Perutz says "opened a rich mine of stereochemical information about protein structure...
...they reveal that hemoglobin contains four polypeptide chains of roughly equal length, identical in pairs, and structurally complementary. Both hemoglobin and myoglobin have polypeptide chain folds; this characteristic tertiary structure may be fully determined by their amino acid sequence...
...native of Vienna, Perutz completed his undergraduate training there before emigrating to England in 1936. Soon after arriving in England, he began the work which ultimately enabled him to describe the hemoglobin molecule. In 1940 Perutz received his Ph.D. degree at Cambridge University, and in 1954 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society...