Word: hemoglobins
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...structure and reactive properties of molecules has aided other research not only in chemistry, but also in biology, and physics Wilson's research, for instance, was among the information that led to the discovers of DNA structure. More recently, he has helped clarify the structure of such molecules as hemoglobin. Herschbach says...
...College of Medicine in Chicago and Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, is based on experiments on baboons. It has been used in only a handful of human patients suffering from severe thalassemia or sickle cell anemia. These blood disorders result from defects in the genes that control production of hemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen in the blood. In essence, thalassemia victims cannot form healthy red blood cells on their own and require periodic transfusions; sickle cell patients are subjected to painful blood vessel blockages...
...Arthur Neinhuis and Timothy Ley of the National Institutes of Health's Clinical Hematology Branch. The scientists speculate that, basically, the drug works by stripping genes of chemicals that have repressed their activity, allowing them to switch on again. The genes affected are those that produce hemoglobin for the developing fetus. These fetal genes turn off around birth as other genes take over to produce hemoglobin for human life outside the womb. Scientists still do not know why there are two sets of genes for making hemoglobin...
...still teaches undergraduates at Cambridge's Peter-house College. Indeed, his doctoral work at Cambridge involved the kind of problem that occupied Wilson: determining what happens to molten steel as it crystallizes into a solid. Klug soon turned his attention to biological systems, including the oxygen-carrying molecule hemoglobin, and the structure of viruses, those tiny, protein-cloaked bits of genetic material that invade cells. One of his major achievements: developing new techniques of electron microscopy that provide three-dimensional views of the world of biological molecules...
Cline and his collaborators treated their patients by removing a small amount of bone marrow and mixing it with genes capable of directing production of normal hemoglobin. The genes had been manufactured by bacteria altered by recombinant-DNA techniques. The marrow cells, now bearing the new genes, were then injected back into the patients. There is as yet no sign that their reconstituted marrow cells are producing healthy hemoglobin. But the story of the experiment, which was broken by the Los Angeles Times, has raised questions about whether the effort was premature. U.S. regulations require investigators to get approval...