Word: herman
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...this is the case, argue cosmologists led by Dr. George Gamow of George Washington University, all the elements must have originated just after the great event when the ylem exploded. In the March Johns Hopkins Magazine, two cosmologists of the Gamow school, Drs. Ralph A. Alpher and Robert C. Herman, tell how they think the elements were formed...
First Seconds. A few hundred seconds after the great event, say Alpher & Herman, when the universe was filled with a gas made of protons, neutrons and smaller sub-atomic particles, its temperature was about i billion degrees, and through it shot violent gamma rays. At this point, the collisions among the particles and gamma rays were too powerful to allow any of the particles to join together into atomic nuclei...
Under the Alpher-Herman hypothesis, the gas, constantly expanding, soon cooled enough to allow an occasional proton to join with a neutron, forming the two-part nucleus of heavy hydrogen. Then, little by little, larger nuclei were formed, such as lithium, boron and carbon. Most of the nuclei grew by capturing more neutrons. When they captured too many, they became unstable. Then some of the neutrons inside them turned into protons and electrons. The electrons shot off as high-energy beta particles...
...decay" made the nuclei more stable -able to capture more neutrons. Bigger & bigger they grew, until all the elements in the universe had been formed. Then this growing process stopped; there were no more free neutrons, and the gas had become too cool to support nuclear reactions. Drs. Alpher & Herman believe that all the elements were formed in less than an hour after the great event...
...Chicago's family court last week, Dr. Morten Andelman, health department pediatrician, gave his expert conclusion: "Without a transfusion, I will say absolutely, this child cannot live; or, if it should, could not live without permanent brain injury." His chief, Health Commissioner Herman Bundesen, backed him up: "The one chance this baby has is to get a transfusion...