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...Herrnstein bases his prediction largely on the basis of the high heritability of I.Q. He cites intelligence tests which measured the I.Q.'s of identical twins who were brought up in different homes. The data he cites is drawn from a study in the Harvard Educational Review, by Berkeley geneticist Arthur Jensen who compiled statistics and conclusions from four different studies done...

Author: By David R. Caploe, | Title: Herrnstein in 'The Atlantic' Predicts American Meritocracy | 9/24/1971 | See Source »

...Herrnstein uses the figures to deal with the relative importance of nature vs. nurture in I.Q. He argues that since the genes of identical twins are identical, any differences in their I.Q. test scores will be due to the environment...

Author: By David R. Caploe, | Title: Herrnstein in 'The Atlantic' Predicts American Meritocracy | 9/24/1971 | See Source »

Comparing the variation of I.Q.'s in this sample of 122 sets of identical twins, Herrnstein (through Jensen) finds that "more than four times out of five the difference between identical twins raised apart fell short of the average difference between fraternal twins raised together by their own parents...

Author: By David R. Caploe, | Title: Herrnstein in 'The Atlantic' Predicts American Meritocracy | 9/24/1971 | See Source »

Based on these and other data Herrnstein says that Jensen and most other experts in the field agree that inheritance counts for about 80 per cent of an individual's I.Q., and all other factors around 20 per cent. including education, nutrition...

Author: By David R. Caploe, | Title: Herrnstein in 'The Atlantic' Predicts American Meritocracy | 9/24/1971 | See Source »

...Herrnstein believes that a high I.Q., while not sufficient, is very definitely necessary for success in society. He cites the results of a massive 40-year test conducted by Lewis M. Terman, a Stanford psychologist. Terman tested over 1600 California schoolchildren between the ages of eight and twelve with I.Q.'s of 150 or over and kept track of their lives for 40 years...

Author: By David R. Caploe, | Title: Herrnstein in 'The Atlantic' Predicts American Meritocracy | 9/24/1971 | See Source »

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