Word: high
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Dates: during 2010-2019
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...Clash of the Titans was No. 1 at the North American box office with $61.4 million, according to early studio estimates. The Greek-myth epic topped the previous best Easter weekend entry, 2006's Scary Movie 4, by about 50%. (Clash's $135 million budget was three times as high as SM4's.) But the movie earned about $10 million less than Fast and Furious, which opened on this (non-Easter) weekend last year, and about $9 million less than the opening weekend take of 300, the antique-Greek saga whose success three years ago surely inspired Warner Bros...
...cocaine: study." Indeed, a look at Americans' collectively expanding waistline - with two-thirds of adults qualifying as overweight or obese - would suggest that the Scientific American article may have actually understated the addictiveness of junk food, not cocaine. Some addiction researchers might even argue that potato chips - and other high-fat, high-calorie foods - are more effective than a crack pipe in terms of keeping "users" hooked long-term...
...what shocked the researchers was that extended-access rats also showed deficits in their "reward threshold." That is, unrestricted exposure to large quantities of high-sugar, high-fat foods changed the functioning of the rats' brain circuitry, making it harder and harder for them to register pleasure - in other words, they developed a type of tolerance often seen in addiction - an effect that got progressively worse as the rats gained more weight. "It was quite profound," says study author Paul Kenny, an associate professor of neuroscience at the Scripps Research Institute. The reward-response effects seen in the fatty-food...
...classic rat study by Bruce Alexander, emeritus professor of psychology at Simon Fraser University, researchers measured the impact of the social and physical environment on the risk of morphine addiction. They found that rats kept in small, isolated cages readily chose to self-administer high, frequent doses of morphine. But rats that lived in "Rat Park" - an earthly rat paradise with plenty of friends and potential mates, nesting materials, toys and room to run and play - voluntarily took significantly less morphine, preferring activity with friends and family to getting high. Under some conditions, Rat Park rats took 20 times less...
Past studies have found that socioeconomically disadvantaged people and others in high-stress situations with little social support are at much greater risk for both addiction and obesity. For example, people who were displaced for more than two weeks after hurricanes Katrina and Rita were 56% more likely to have a substance abuse disorder a year later, compared with those who survived the hurricanes but were not displaced. Overall, about 1 in 8 people who lost their homes - and who were also much more likely than the general population to be poor and unemployed - suffered from substance abuse disorders, compared...