Word: higher
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Peptic Ulcers. Smokers' death rate was 116% higher for duodenal ulcers. When they got to the comparison for stomach-ulcer deaths, Hammond and Horn's graph bar ran off the chart; there was not a single such death among the nonsmokers, but there were 46 among cigarette smokers (five among other smokers...
Cirrhosis of the Liver. Smokers' rate 93% higher...
...pack a day, up 29%; half a pack to a pack, up 89%; one to two packs, up 115%; two packs or more, up 141%. (Pipe smokers' rates were up only 3%; cigar smokers' rates up 28%.) Cigarette smokers' death rate from strokes was 30% higher than among nonsmokers; from general arteriosclerosis, 46% higher...
...year or more, his prospects improved; among men who had quit light smoking (less than a pack a day) ten or more years previously, the death rate from most causes was scarcely greater than among lifetime nonsmokers; ten years after heavier smoking, it was 50% greater-and markedly higher from lung cancer...
...bigger towns and large cities; so does the incidence of lung cancer. When Hammond and Horn adjusted their figures to allow for the smoking difference (50% of rural men smoke cigarettes, 62½% of big-city men), they found that the lung-cancer death rate was still one-third higher in the cities. This might be a reflection of better diagnosis in major medical centers, or a result of big-city air pollution...