Word: hiroshimas
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Africa and dinosaurs had not yet evolved when the first ginkgo trees appeared on Earth some 230 million years ago. Charles Darwin called them living fossils. The plants are so primitive that they do not produce flowers and yet so hardy that one survived the atomic blast that destroyed Hiroshima. The Chinese have venerated the ginkgo's foul-smelling fruit for thousands of years, using it for everything from promoting longevity to increasing sexual endurance. And in the past decade, extract of ginkgo has become one of Europe's most widely prescribed drugs...
Your article on the medical effects of atom-bomb fallout [SCIENCE, June 23] stated that "the 120,000 people who survived Hiroshima and Nagasaki are not being cut down in large numbers by cancer and other radiation diseases. In fact, by some measures they seem to be outliving contemporaries who were not exposed." This statement incorrectly implies that radiation exposure has increased the life-span of atom-bomb survivors. The survey referred to is the U.S.-Japan Radiation Effects Research Foundation study. It includes 93,000 survivors who were in Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the time of the bombings...
...from cancer or other diseases persists for at least 50 years, and strongly suggest that this elevated risk continues throughout life. Our data do not show that atom-bomb survivors are living longer than comparable, unexposed groups. DALE PRESTON, Chief, Statistics Kiyohiko Mabuchi, Chief, Epidemiology Radiation Effects Research Foundation Hiroshima...
...grim lessons of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a medical one: radiation kills on a sliding scale. High doses kill quickly and horribly, burning off skin and destroying intestines and other internal organs. Low doses kill more slowly, triggering leukemia and other cancers. From this knowledge, scientists deduced the rough formula that underlies virtually all nuclear safeguards written since 1945: even the smallest exposure to nuclear radiation is harmful, and as the exposure increases, so do cancers and deaths...
...that right? As scientists gathered in Washington last week to honor 50 years of research on the medical effects of fallout, one of the most surprising findings to emerge was that the 120,000 people who survived Hiroshima and Nagasaki are not being cut down in large numbers by cancer and other radiation diseases. In fact, by some measures, they seem to be outliving contemporaries who were not exposed...