Word: hitherto
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Culture in Human Embryo. Then came a lucky break. The lab happened to have some poliovirus tucked away. This had hitherto refused to grow except in brain cells, which are unsafe as a culture for a human vaccine because nerve-cell proteins can kill the vaccinated person. Enders suggested growing it in cultures of muscle and skin from human embryos recovered in therapeutic abortions. It worked. Watching the cell-damage effect, the Harvard researchers could see that the virus was multiplying. The virus could still cause paralytic polio. But when serum from a recent polio patient was mixed with...
...really want the world to be half female and half free. The passion, patience and intuition of loving women are obviously good for more than dishes and diapers. And since about 1833, when Oberlin College first gave "the misjudged and neglected sex all the instructive privileges which have hitherto unreasonably distinguished the leading sex from theirs," it has been taken for granted that most little girls are smarter than most little boys. Yet what has it got them...
...hydroelectric plants, the gas find improved prospects for development of New Zealand industry, previously stunted for want of a cheap domestic fuel source. Some New Zealanders even launched into heady talk of using the gas to generate the power for electric furnaces that could extract iron ore from the hitherto useless mineral-laced sands of Taranaki province. But in the short run, what raised New Zealand's hopes the most was Holyoake's report that the Kapuni gas carried with it a substantial quantity of light oil which, if it can be fed into the $56 million refinery...
...Coming Shake-Out. "Mr. Khrushchev has hitherto made the market for the aerospace business," says Martin Co.'s Chairman George Bunker, "but now it is here to stay." Even if the cold war were to end next week, the U.S. would almost surely find itself committed to expanding its exploration of space...
Riding on Atlas-Agena's shoulders was a needle-nosed, 675-lb. assemblage of instruments called Ranger I, whose 19,520 electronic parts were designed to measure cosmic rays, solar radiation and magnetic fields with hitherto unparalleled accuracy. Ranger was not aimed for the moon, but its big exclamation-mark loop would test equipment for a lunar trip that man some day will take...