Word: hitherto
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...they point in any one direction.... Thus dialectical materialism is seen to offer the only approach to reality which can give action a direction. The facts no longer appear strange when they are comprehended in their coherent reality, in the relation of all partial aspects to their inherent, but hitherto unelucidated roots in the whole...
...same day that Brezhnev delivered his speech, the Soviet chief delegate to the 25-nation U.N. disarmament talks in Geneva unexpectedly adopted a hitherto rejected Western position on the outlawing of bacteriological warfare. For two years the Soviets insisted on lumping bans on bacteriological and chemical warfare together in one treaty. The U.S. and its NATO allies refused, because large chemical warfare arsenals are already in existence, which would require on-site inspection, a procedure that invariably is vetoed by the Soviets. The Soviet switch meant that a treaty barring the production and wartime use of germs and toxins might...
Fruitful Fields. Some of the new mission activity, especially among Protestant evangelicals and fundamentalists in Latin America, has been the result, ironically enough, of the Second Vatican Council. The council's decree on religious liberty was quickly felt in Roman Catholic countries, where hitherto severe restrictions on Protestant evangelizing all but disappeared. At the end of World War II, there were only 1,900,000 Protestants in Latin America; today there are ten times that many...
...Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, a panel of Spanish sages looked at Columbus' plan for a voyage to the Indies, and in 1490 came up with six good reasons why it was impossible. So many centuries after the creation, they concluded triumphantly, it was unlikely that anyone could find hitherto unknown lands of any value. This negative reaction was similar to the learned argument that greeted Galileo when he reported that Jupiter had moons. "Jupiter's moons are invisible to the naked eye," said a group of Aristotelian professors, "and therefore can have no influence on the earth...
Congressional concern for consumer protection also led to a far-reaching Occupational Health and Safety Act. The law established federal supervision over working conditions, something hitherto left largely to state regulation (except for coal mines). The law aims to reduce the shocking annual toll of on-the-job accidents: 14,500 workers killed and 2,200,000 injured. As organized labor wanted, the act gives the Secretary of Labor the power to fix safety standards for all factories, farms and construction projects involved in interstate commerce. As businessmen urged, the act leaves enforcement to a three-member commission...