Word: hitherto
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...most Muscovites, the city's budding consumer culture has produced nothing but frustration. While shopping for goodies for the Russian Orthodox Christmas holiday, consumers encountered shops in the capital filled with a dazzling array of hitherto unknown products, from kiwi fruit to Tabasco sauce. The trouble is, prices are so high that the minimum monthly wage of about 15,000 rubles does not even cover the cost of a kilogram of high-quality smoked salami, which sells for more than 16,000 rubles in one downtown Moscow gastronom store...
...With hitherto classified examples of cold war-era radiation tests on humans being revealed on a weekly basis, an appalled Energy Secretary Hazel O'Leary said the government should compensate the victims. The department estimates that 800 people were purposely used as "nuclear guinea pigs" in an effort to study the effects of radiation. It is still not known how many of the subjects understood what was being done to them. Defense Secretary Les Aspin has ordered a review of all files on the issue, and Congress will hold hearings on the tests soon after it reconvenes this month...
...move to iron forging originated with craft and folk art; it was "primitive," something apart from academic atelier practice, and it fitted perfectly into the general move among artists at the end of the 19th century to refresh art from hitherto unused sources. One of the first artists to imagine a link between iron forging and formal sculpture was a minor Spanish painter, Santiago Rusinyol, an impassioned collector of the ironwork in which the smiths of his native Barcelona had always excelled. "I think of those forges of old Barcelona," he wrote in 1893, "where instinct was set free. There...
Since the attacks are occurring with far greater intensity in the east, it has dawned on a hitherto complacent nation that the formerly communist region is an economic and social disaster zone that confronts all Germans with problems graver than anyone imagined. The discontented have found an easy scapegoat in the 1.4 million refugees from as far away as Afghanistan and as near as Yugoslavia, most of whom have flooded into the country during the past three years. Shut out of much of the rest of the Continent, they gravitate to Germany because its constitution guarantees asylum to all victims...
Since the audience is clearly meant to take her seriously, it seems counterproductive to portray the messenger figure as a New Age hippie, a stereotype even liberal tree-huggers tend to mock. Is this an ironic undercutting of the fable's hitherto sincere message, or an unintentional lack of artistic imagination? The character is thought-provoking but ultimately unclear in intent and frustrating...