Word: hitherto
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...departure. Hitherto Congress has specified where and what buildings were to be built and for how much?a proceeding which produced the old "pork barrel practice," every Congressman angling to get a fine building for his community. It was recognized that the President would never sanction an old-fashioned pork barrell bill, and since many buildings are badly needed this bill was passed with Administration approval. It was passed by a parliamentary maneuver?suspension of the rules?which prevented the offering of amendments and cut down debate to less than an hour but required a two-thirds vote for passage...
...Hugh S. Taylor and A. L. Marshall found that by bombarding hydrogen atoms with atoms of mercury energized by light, the hydrogen became so active chemically that it would unite directly with oxygen at ordinary temperatures to form hydrogen peroxide, a substance of great industrial value (it disinfects, bleaches) hitherto difficult and costly of preparation...
...will soon be possible to transmit a picture or a whole page of print across the Atlantic by radio," was amplified. Marconi's prophecy, it appeared, was based on the development, in various European laboratories, of a new photo-electric cell, much more sensitive than the selenium cells hitherto used with indifferent results. The inventor of the cell was one Dr. Carolus, who had based his work on the so-called Kerr method of influencing polarized light so that high voltage produces a strong light ray, low voltage a weak ray. The Carolus cell, which was not described in despatches...
...Religion (Mohammedanism) has also been effectively kicked out of the schoolroom, which had hitherto been its most precious domain. The white turban has been torn from the ignorant heads of the hodjas, whose influence was once unassailable. Hodjas, if they wish to continue as teachers, must now pass examinations in subjects of which they formerly knew nothing. (Education is national, based on Western systems of both sexes...
...Koran, hitherto safe behind a dark shield of impenetrable Arabic, has been officially circulated in Turkish to defend itself, naked, before common sense...