Word: hiv
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...tribes with casinos have formed partnerships to fund bone-marrow donor registration drives and park refurbishing, and they have become prominent donors to the local charities which help San Diego's homeless, HIV-positive-and unemployed populations. Gambling has been nothing less than a boon for Native Americans in the region; in a decade, groups of Native Americans grappling with disaffected and socially marginal residents have turned their tidbits of sovereignty into a multi-million-dollar business venture that provides employment, substance abuse rehabilitation and a sense of pride for the historically embattled tribes...
...them to the market involves several studies in developing countries funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These large clinical trials involve 12,211 women in seven countries and test the effectiveness of several treatments of AZT in preventing transmission of HIV from a pregnant mother to her fetus...
Even in the United States, where Angell believes this research would be completely unacceptable, there is a strong argument to be advanced for using willing and knowledgeable people in scientific experiments. Across the country, many poor sufferers from HIV have been kicked off treatment programs that can cost the state $12,000 a year per person. This year, Missouri evicted many sufferers from the state program. After public outcry, the program took back 417 patients, but not everyone it had laid off. Thirty-five state-administered AIDS programs across the country have taken emergency moves, cutting their treatment programs...
With the concern over the spread of AIDS and the pressure to find a treatment, clinical drug trials have changed drastically. In 1989 when drug treatments for HIV were being developed, trials shifted their primary focus from learning as much about toxicity and efficacy by including placebo groups to also trying to give drug treatment to as many participants as possible. The Department of Health and Human Services started offering dideoxynosine as a treatment after it had been used in less than 100 patients and allowed it to be combined with other drugs, even though that increased the concerns about...
After all the hoopla over these trials, it may be that AZT is not the cure-all Angell suggests. Recent studies show that even though HIV may be decreased in the blood, where it is measured as an indication of efficacy of treatment, it may still be harbored in higher concentrations in lymph nodes, where it is equally if not more dangerous to the body's immune system. Already, drug-resistant strains have appeared. A recent study from the National Cancer Institute even shows that AZT causes cancer in the offspring of pregnant mice treated with...