Word: hiv
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Mothers are allowed to say these things. But one doesn't have to be David Da-i Ho's mother to be aware of his brilliance. He lays forth clearly and succinctly some of the boldest yet most cogent hypotheses in the epic campaign against HIV; at the same time, he operates nimbly through the budgetary and political pitfalls of the enterprise. And though he is monumentally tranquil in demeanor, he has been known to fling the occasional hot one-liner against naysayers--once, "It's the virus, stupid!" to those who insist HIV is not the cause of AIDS...
...Harvard Medical School. Soon enough, medicine provided the turning point of his career. His mother recalls, "He told me he saw a lot of young people die. He say that must be some disease, so he want to keep researching to find out why." Ho had met up with HIV...
...made important contributions to AIDS research--coaxing HIV to grow in the lab, proving convincingly that it causes AIDS, developing an HIV-antibody test, identifying proteins that seem to protect some people from AIDS--although it took a decade for the controversy surrounding his role as co-discoverer of the virus to dissipate. After he was officially cleared of charges of scientific misconduct in 1993, Gallo left the NCI to set up his own virology institute at the University of Maryland...
Unfortunately, scientists still don't understand what an HIV vaccine must do to confer immunity. Bolognesi hopes to develop a kind of booster shot that, although it might be less than 100% protective, could help the immune system hold the virus at bay until a truly effective vaccine is discovered...
Working in Gallo's lab at the National Institutes of Health in the late 1980s, Wong-Staal discovered why HIV is so deadly. It is an extremely changeable virus that rarely makes a perfect copy of itself. Among the resulting mutants are viruses that can resist drugs and render conventional vaccines worthless...