Word: hiv
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Secretary of Health and Human Services boldly announced in 1984 that there would be an AIDS vaccine within two years. The discovery of an AIDS-causing virus (HIV), she said, was already demonstrating "the triumph of science over a dreaded disease...
...Today, 25 years and many failed attempts later, an AIDS vaccine seems as elusive as ever. New HIV infections still greatly outpace the number of people being brought onto antiretroviral treatment, with some 2.5 million new HIV cases worldwide in 2007, including nearly half a million children. That same year, more than 2 million people died of AIDS. (See the top 10 medical breakthroughs...
...very small fraction of people infected with HIV, the body's immune response is able to control the virus and prevent it from progressing to full-blown AIDS. Rockefeller scientists found six such people with high levels of the antibodies that inhibit HIV proliferation and keep it from invading new cells. Taking blood samples from these special few, the researchers isolated the antibodies and set about discovering how they work...
...human immune system does not mount an attack against a single target on HIV. Instead, the body deploys many dozens of antibodies - the researchers cloned 502 antibodies from the six patients - and together they attack many different virus targets. Individually, each antibody may have little effect, but as a group - or even in lab-created packages of 20 to 50 antibodies - they seem to confer some protection against disease progression. "It's the first time that anybody's really looked at what the antibody response is," says senior investigator Michel Nussenzweig, head of the Rockefeller University's Laboratory of Molecular...
...situation was disappointing because I had appreciated this counselor’s candor and valued his openness to sexual habits and preferences. Unfortunately, attempts at sexual honesty backfire when they resort to reductive characterizations of gender niches. I would have been satisfied with a clear HIV test, a bag of condoms, and a simple, professional goodbye. In attempts to paint sex as something to be feared—and men as untrustworthy—the least likely people can find themselves in the doghouse...