Word: hoffmann
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Mouse Backs. Dr. Wynder, who has never smoked, began work on cigarettes and cancer while still a medical student in St. Louis. Now at Manhattan's Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, working with Chemist Dietrich Hoffmann, he has had tens of thousands of cigarettes smoked in machines, collected the vapors and "tar," and tested innumerable fractions as potential causes of cancer. Most early tests were on the backs of mice be cause the skin there is of the same cellular class as the inside of a man's lung. More recently, to study an approximation of what...
...first big gain, Drs. Wynder and Hoffmann find, comes from filters. "The smoker of filter cigarettes of 1964 is on the average exposed to approximately 50% less tar*and nicotine than he was while smoking cigarettes without filter tips ten years ago," they reported. Contrary to gloomy prophecies that smokers would cancel out the benefits of filters by puffing more of the newer cigarettes, the researchers found that in general this has not happened...
...proportion of these (up to 90% in the case of phenol) can be removed by cellulose acetate filters. Other cilia-damaging components, such as acetaldehyde and acrolein, are cut down by an activated charcoal filter, especially if the charcoal is compressed. A still better way, said Wynder and Hoffmann, is to filter the smoke through water and then through compressed charcoal, but so far this is not practicable -except, conceivably, in homes with filter-tipped hookahs...
Surprisingly, tobacco stems yield less tar and noxious gases than the leaves. So, said Wynder and Hoffmann, there is less risk in smoking cigarettes if finely shredded stems are left in the tobacco, or if they are made from compressed sheets of homogenized tobacco dust and stems. Finally, finer cuts of the tobacco leaf itself make a less hazardous cigarette than the coarse cuts...
There it stayed until the 1890s, when Felix Hoffmann, working for Friedrich Bayer & Co. outside Düsseldorf, tried the drug on his father and found that it miraculously eased the old man's rheumatic pains. Hoffmann's boss, Heinrich Dreser, coined the name aspirin, and rushed the drug to market. Aspirin was a registered trade name, and still is in Germany, though it lost that privileged status in the U.S. in 1917, when the Monsanto Co. began to make it in large quantities. Like nearly all other important chemicals, it is now made synthetically from coal...