Word: hofmann
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World War II. From Holland came Piet Mondrian, from Germany Hans Hofmann and George Grosz, from France Fernand Leger, Andre Masson, Arshile Gorky and Max Ernst, providing the new generation of U.S. artists with direct links to Cubism ana Surrealism...
Push-Pull Theory. Its variety, if not infinite, was impressive. Mark Rothko reduced his palette to the softest shades and his compositions to a pair of rectangles in tandem. That commanding teacher Hans Hofmann preached what he called the "push-pull" theory of colors in tension-and practiced it to perfection. De Kooning restored the name of action to artistic thought, slashing at his canvases with inspired passion. David Smith took the grand gesture to sculpture, mounting one stainless steel shaft upon another in marvels of cliff-hanger balance. Later artists like Ellsworth Kelly, Kenneth Noland and Frank Stella solidified...
Using an instrument called the geodimeter, Hofmann aimed a beam of in tense light from a site on one side of a fault at a reflector set up on the other side, between twelve and 20 miles away...
...Andreas fault, the scientists found that California's coastal strip was moving to the northwest at a rate of two inches per year. In some areas, however, friction between the sliding masses of rock caused the movement to slow and even to stop. "When the fault sticks," Hofmann says, "the movement is transferred to smaller, adjacent faults that can stand only a limited amount of movement. When these smaller faults reach their limit, the forces increase until the main fault breaks loose again. This sudden breaking loose is the earthquake...
...observing slowdowns - and even apparent reversals-in the fault movements at certain points, and by correlating them with subsequent earthquakes in the same areas, Hofmann gradually developed a rule-of-thumb system for quake prediction. His technique is far from foolproof; although he has correctly forecast eight recent earthquakes of significant size, 17 other quakes that his method predicted have failed to materialize. But Hofmann believes that more frequent monitoring of an even larger system of observation points will make his technique more reliable. He is convinced that the future of earthquake forecasting lies in being diligent to a fault...