Word: holding
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Castellammarese who borrowed his ideas from Julius Caesar's military command, Maranzano laid down the patterns that still, with minor modifications, hold today. To stop the killing, said Maranzano, the gangs that then existed would henceforth be recognized as families, each with its own territorial limits. Heading each family would be a boss, or Capo. Under him would be an underboss, or Sottocapo, and beneath the underboss would be any number of lieutenants, or Caporegimes, leading squads of soldiers, or "button men." One advantage of the scheme was the insulation it provided...
Vast Scale. The Kikuyu, according to one participant, strip naked, then hold hands in a circle around a darkened hut and chant an oath before entering it. Inside the hut they eat soil and swear to follow the oath. "The government of Kenya is under Kikuyu leadership, and this must be maintained," goes the pledge. "If any tribe tries to set itself up against the Kikuyu, we must fight them in the same way that we died fighting the British settlers. No uncircumcised leaders [for example, the Luo] will be allowed to compete with the Kikuyu. You shall not vote...
...attention of New York Congressman Samuel Stratton, who said that Piton's abrogation of Mrs. Gera's contract "strikes me as a clear-cut violation of the Civil Rights Act, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex." The New York State Human Rights Division will hold a hearing on the dispute next month...
Help for Dropouts. The system is so flexible that needy students can hold part-time jobs all year, attend school part time and still meet graduation requirements. The curriculum developed for the four-quarter plan offers 710 courses, most of which can be taken out of any established sequence. Students now can choose among 48 English courses of one-quarter length, where before there were only five year-long courses...
Budget Cut. At the center of the controversy is the embattled Small Business Administration, which was supposed to have been the primary financier, cheerleader and quarterback of black capitalism. The Government's general budget hold-down has forced the SBA to cut its loans. Funds for the SBA's four main loan programs were reduced from $554 million last year to $253 million in the current fiscal year...