Word: homeland
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...remains alive and important. There are Palestinians all over the world with large communities in several Arab countries, Israeli-occupied territories, and in Israel proper behind the so-called green line. They are not about to disappear and abandon their sense of national identity and their longing for a homeland. They will continue to struggle in order to win the right to self-determination. The main spokesman for this nationalist drive is the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), recognized by nearly every nation in the world as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people...
...half of the people that remain within the Transkei's borders, self-rule will do little to improve their lives. They will have traded their South African passes--cards allowing them to move between the homelands and areas designated for whites only--for Transkei passports, but little more. The homeland produces only slightly more than half the maize it needs to feed its population, and offers almost no employment. Forty-four percent of those in the Transkei who do work for wages are employed by the South African government. Nearly three-fourths of the area's gross national income come...
Since then, the homeland has been under emergency rule, requested of Pretoria annually by Matanzima and his cohorts. Their power base is consolidated by free use of Proclamation 400, a security measure that allows the bantustan government unlimited power to suppress civil liberties and opposition parties. Last month, just before the referendum on whether or not to request independence, Matanzima rounded up 26 opposition leaders so they could not mobilize support against this sham of a vote. According to this month's Africa magazine, 57 high school students were jailed recently for protesting independence. And the Transkei's first independent...
This system has been enforced by the pass laws; in the newly independent Transkei, it will be enforced by the Transkei passport. Blacks must get special permission to leave the homeland for outside employment, signing up for contract labor with large firms. Blacks who try to organize against their employers or against the state can be sent back to the homeland without a hearing, their pass rescinded. It is this system that keeps wages in South Africa for semi-and unskilled labor so low that American companies investing there receive a profit rate of almost 20 per cent overall...
...Transkei's independence is a meaningless one, since the new state will be unable to break out of this pattern of exploitation. Chief Gatsha Buthelezi, leader of the Kwazulu homeland and one of the most outspoken homeland chiefs, has said, "I challenge anyone to prove to me that the majority of blacks do in fact want the so-called independence which is offered to our Reserves, now called 'homelands'...The majority of the black people do not want to abandon their birth right. They have toiled for generations to create the wealth of South Africa. They intend to participate...