Word: homelands
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Sadat's demands on Israel, in exchange for peace, were tough and familiar: the return to Arab sovereignty of all territory (including East Jerusalem) conquered during the 1967 Six-Day War; a homeland for Palestinians on the West Bank and in Gaza. Yet far more important were the generous words of acceptance that few Israelis ever expected to hear from an Arab head of state, least of all in their own parliament...
Peace, Shakespeare's "dear nurse of arts, plenties and joyful births," succors national life at last. Broadway and region al theater flourishes; attendance at museums is the highest in history. In December the first child was born in the new homeland of a tribe of America's oldest people, the Mohawk Indians, who won a piece of state land at Ganienkeh, N.Y., after a three-year struggle. Indeed, both the nation's birth and marriage rates rose in 1977. Though serious problems persist in the U.S., a sense of well-being and restored community pervades...
...Bantu-speaking people who have traditionally lived between the Zambezi and the Orange rivers. But more than half these people work in white South Africa and do not even live in the territory. By threatening to reject independence, Chief Mangope persuaded Pretoria to grant Tswanas who do not want homeland citizenship permanent residence in South Africa, where they will at least have access to jobs...
...foreseeable future, the new state will be financially dependent on Pretoria, which will also advise on BophuthaTswana's diplomatic and defense affairs. Nonetheless, the new homeland has a considerable economic potential: at present it accounts for two-thirds of the total platinum production in the Western world. It is also rich in asbestos, granite, vanadium, chromium and manganese. By 1979 the homeland should be receiving direct mining revenues of about $30 million a year. But only 10% of BophuthaTswana's total land area is arable, and much of that is covered with scrub brush...
Educational and health problems are pressing. There are no more than 20 doctors in the entire country, and only eleven hospitals. Chief Mangope, 53, himself a former schoolteacher, returned from a visit to the U.S. in 1973 with a list of black American teachers willing to work in the homeland. At the time, the South African government refused them entry, something it can no longer do. Now Mangope hopes to persuade the volunteers-or new recruits-to come...